Impact of Plastic waste on the environment and humans health in Pakistan: Effective Waste Management Strategies and sustainable solutions
Abstract views: 818
/ 
PDF downloads: 371
Keywords:
Plastic pollution, Sustainable solution, Recycling, Energy recovery, Health threat and Environmental problemAbstract
Recently waste is one of the serious environmental issues. Plastic is being thrown into ocean and it is dangerous to human, animal and aquatic life. Burning or dumping plastic openly creates air pollution. It also affects water and soil. This practice disturbs overall environment and ecological cycle. Health threats are recognized due to micro-plastic because it comes to living things’ body through food chain. Several countries have put limitations to use plastic but it is not enough to eliminate plastic pollution. Plastic can be reused and recycled. Several studies have been conducted to tackle this issue and find sustainable solution for plastic waste management, especially energy recovery. This study is focused to plastic waste issues in Pakistan including environmental or human health issues. This study also demonstrated sustainable solutions which need to be initiated in Pakistan. This study recommends the most important solutions that waste should be converted into energy with new technologies.
References
Ahmed, A., Hussain, A., Thahrani, S., Ahmed, S., Khoso, A. Q., & Soomro, B. (2021). Municipal solid waste management and waste to energy in karachi pakistan. Engineering Proceedings, 12(1), 19.
Ahmed, S., Mahmood, Q., Elahi, N., & Nawab, B. (2020). Current practices and futuristic options in plastic waste management in Pakistan. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 1(4), 237-244.
Akmal, T., & Jamil, F. (2021). Assessing health damages from improper disposal of solid waste in metropolitan Islamabad–Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Sustainability, 13(5), 2717.
Akram, M., Xu, X., Gao, B., Yue, Q., Yanan, S., Khan, R., & Inam, M. A. (2020). Adsorptive removal of phosphate by the bimetallic hydroxide nanocomposites embedded in pomegranate peel. journal of environmental sciences, 91, 189-198.
Alyousef, R., Ahmad, W., Ahmad, A., Aslam, F., Joyklad, P., & Alabduljabbar, H. (2021). Potential use of recycled plastic and rubber aggregate in cementitious materials for sustainable construction: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 329, 129736.
Saha, L., Kumar, V., Tiwari, J., Rawat, S., Singh, J., & Bauddh, K. (2021). Electronic waste and their leachates impact on human health and environment: Global ecological threat and management. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 102049.
Artiola, J. F. (2019). Industrial waste and municipal solid waste treatment and disposal. In Environmental and pollution science (pp. 377-391). Academic Press.
Barratt, S. R., Ennos, A. R., Greenhalgh, M., Robson, G. D., & Handley, P. S. (2003). Fungi are the predominant micro‐organisms responsible for degradation of soil‐buried polyester polyurethane over a range of soil water holding capacities. Journal of applied microbiology, 95(1), 78-85.
Batool, S. A., & Ch, M. N. (2009). Municipal solid waste management in Lahore city district, Pakistan. Waste management, 29(6), 1971-1981.
Batool, S. A., Chaudhry, N., & Majeed, K. (2008). Economic potential of recycling business in Lahore, Pakistan. Waste management, 28(2), 294-298.
Belzagui, F., Buscio, V., Gutierrez-Bouzan, C., & Vilaseca, M. (2021). Cigarette butts as a microfiber source with a microplastic level of concern. Science of the Total Environment, 762, 144165.
Chang, S. H., & Chou, C. H. (2018). Consumer intention toward bringing your own shopping bags in Taiwan: An application of ethics perspective and theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 10(6), 1815.
Chawla, S., Varghese, B. S., Chithra, A., Hussain, C. G., Keçili, R., & Hussain, C. M. (2022). Environmental impacts of post-consumer plastic wastes: Treatment technologies towards eco-sustainability and circular economy. Chemosphere, 135867.
Cook, C. R., & Halden, R. U. (2020). Ecological and health issues of plastic waste. In Plastic waste and recycling (pp. 513-527). Academic Press.
Das, A. K., Islam, M. N., Billah, M. M., & Sarker, A. (2021). COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 28993-29008.
Desk, W. (2019). Karachi’s Uncontrollable Plastic Monster- Facts, Figures and Solution. Pakistan.
Ehrig, H. J., Stegmann, R., & Robinson, T. (2018). Biological Leachate Treatment. Solid Waste Landfilling [Internet]. Elsevier, 541-74.
El-Haggar, S. M. (2007). Sustainability of construction and demolition waste management. Sustainable Industrial Design and Waste Management Cradle-to-cradle for Sustainable Development, 261-292.
EPA (2022). Solid Waste in Pakistan. Lahore: Environment Protection Department, Government of The Punjab, Pakistan.
Ferronato, N., & Torretta, V. (2019). Waste mismanagement in developing countries: A review of global issues. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(6), 1060.
Goosey, E., & Goosey, M. (2019). The materials of waste electrical and electronic equipment. In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook (pp. 231-262). Woodhead Publishing.
Hemidat, S., Achouri, O., El Fels, L., Elagroudy, S., Hafidi, M., Chaouki, B., Ahmed, M., Hodgkinson, I. & Guo, J. (2022). Solid waste management in the context of a circular economy in the MENA region. Sustainability, 14(1), 480.
Herreras-Martínez, L., & Leroy, P. (2019). The WEEE forum and the WEEE label of excellence project. In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook (pp. 185-205). Woodhead Publishing.
Hina, S. M., Szmerekovsky, J., Lee, E., Amin, M., & Arooj, S. (2020). Effective municipal solid waste collection using geospatial information systems for transportation: A case study of two metropolitan cities in Pakistan. Research in Transportation Economics, 84, 100950.
Ijomah, W. L., & Danis, M. (2019). Refurbishment and reuse of waste electrical and electronic equipment. In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook (pp. 263-282). Woodhead Publishing.
Jabeen, F., et.al. (2022). Trash to Energy: A Measure for the Energy Potential of Combustible content of Domestic solid waste generated from an industrialized city of Pakistan. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 137, 104223.
Jerie, S. (2016). Occupational risks associated with solid waste management in the informal sector of Gweru, Zimbabwe. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2016.
Jung, H., Shin, G., Kwak, H., Hao, L. T., Jegal, J., Kim, H. J., ... & Oh, D. X. (2023). Review of polymer technologies for improving the recycling and upcycling efficiency of plastic waste. Chemosphere, 138089.
Kanellopoulos, P. G., Verouti, E., Chrysochou, E., Koukoulakis, K., & Bakeas, E. (2021). Primary and secondary organic aerosol in an urban/industrial site: Sources, health implications and the role of plastic enriched waste burning. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 99, 222-238.
Khan, M.A.A. (2021). 4 ways Pakistan is tackling plastic waste and pollution. Geneva, Switzerland
Korai, M. S., Mahar, R. B., & Uqaili, M. A. (2016). Optimization of waste to energy routes through biochemical and thermochemical treatment options of municipal solid waste in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Energy Conversion and Management, 124, 333-343.
Korai, M. S., Mahar, R. B., & Uqaili, M. A. (2017). The feasibility of municipal solid waste for energy generation and its existing management practices in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 338-353.
Kumar, A., Pali, H. S., & Kumar, M. (2023). A comprehensive review on the production of alternative fuel through medical plastic waste. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 55, 102924.
Kumari, A., Rajput, V. D., Mandzhieva, S. S., Rajput, S., Minkina, T., Kaur, R., ... & Glinushkin, A. P. (2022). Microplastic pollution: An emerging threat to terrestrial plants and insights into its remediation strategies. Plants, 11(3), 340.
Kundariya, N., Mohanty, S. S., Varjani, S., Ngo, H. H., Wong, J. W., Taherzadeh, M. J., ... & Bui, X. T. (2021). A review on integrated approaches for municipal solid waste for environmental and economical relevance: Monitoring tools, technologies, and strategic innovations. Bioresource technology, 342, 125982.
Longsheng, C., Shah, S. A. A., Solangi, Y. A., Ahmad, M., & Ali, S. (2022). An integrated SWOT-multi-criteria analysis of implementing sustainable waste-to-energy in Pakistan. Renewable Energy, 195, 1438-1453.
Majeed, A., Batool, S. A., & Chaudhry, M. N. (2017). Informal waste management in the developing world: Economic contribution through integration with the formal sector. Waste and biomass valorization, 8, 679-694.
Majeed, A., Batool, S. A., & Chaudhry, M. N. (2018). Environmental quantification of the existing waste management system in a developing world municipality using EaseTech: The case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Sustainability, 10(7), 2424.
Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Inglezakis, V. J., Kershaw, S., Venetis, D., & Folini, S. (2016). Urban environment. In Environment and Development (pp. 287-362). Elsevier.
Majeed, A., Batool, S. A., & Chaudhry, M. N. (2018). Environmental quantification of the existing waste management system in a developing world municipality using EaseTech: The case of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Sustainability, 10(7), 2424.
Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Inglezakis, V. J., Kershaw, S., Venetis, D., & Folini, S. (2016). Urban environment. In Environment and Development (pp. 287-362). Elsevier.
Manzoor, M., Gul, I., Iqrar, I., & Arshad, M. (2020). Solid waste management practices in Pakistan. In Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Developing Countries (pp. 248-269). IGI Global.
Marshall, R. E., & Farahbakhsh, K. (2013). Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries. Waste management, 33(4), 988-1003.
Maryam, A. & Farah, R. 2020. Scoping Study For Pet Waste Management In Pakistan. In Nazifa Butt. Pakistan: WWF-Pakistan.
Masood, M., Barlow, C. Y., & Wilson, D. C. (2014). An assessment of the current municipal solid waste management system in Lahore, Pakistan. Waste Management & Research, 32(9), 834-847.
Mataloni, F., Badaloni, C., Golini, M. N., Bolignano, A., Bucci, S., Sozzi, R., ... & Ancona, C. (2016). Morbidity and mortality of people who live close to municipal waste landfills: a multisite cohort study. International journal of epidemiology, 45(3), 806-815.
Nannan, Z. (2017). Scientists Find Fungus with an Appetite for Plastic in Rubbish Tip. edited by ZHANG Nannan. China.
Nguyen, T. P. (2021). A dataset of factors influencing consumer behavior towards bringing own shopping bags instead of using plastic bags in Vietnam. Data in Brief, 37, 107226-107226.
Njoku, P. O., Edokpayi, J. N., & Odiyo, J. O. (2019). Health and environmental risks of residents living close to a landfill: A case study of Thohoyandou Landfill, Limpopo Province, South Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(12), 2125.
Osmani, M., & Villoria-Sáez, P. (2019, January). Current and emerging construction waste management status, trends and approaches. In Waste (pp. 365-380). Academic Press.
Safar, K. M., Bux, M. R., Faria, U., & Pervez, S. (2021). Integrated model of municipal solid waste management for energy recovery in Pakistan. Energy, 219, 119632.
Sam, A., & Barik, D. (2019). Toxic waste from municipality. In Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation (pp. 7-16). Woodhead Publishing.
Senturk, G., & Dumludag, D. (2021). An evaluation of the effect of plastic bag fee on consumer behavior: Case of Turkey. Waste Management, 120, 748-754.
Shah, S. Z. A., Nawaz, Z., Nawaz, S., Carder, G., Ali, M., Soomro, N., & Compston, P. C. (2019). The role and welfare of cart donkeys used in waste management in Karachi, Pakistan. Animals, 9(4), 159.
Siddiqi, M. M. et.al. (2019). Evaluation of municipal solid wastes based energy potential in urban Pakistan. Processes, 7(11), 848.
Townsend, T. G. (2011). Environmental issues and management strategies for waste electronic and electrical equipment. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 61(6), 587-610.
Vergara, S. E., & Tchobanoglous, G. (2012). Municipal solid waste and the environment: a global perspective. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 277-309.
Vignesh, K. S., Rajadesingu, S., & Arunachalam, K. D. (2021). Challenges, issues, and problems with zero-waste tools. In Concepts of Advanced Zero Waste Tools (pp. 69-90). Elsevier.
Woodard, C. I. (2006). 5-waste characterization. Industrial waste treatment handbook, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, 83-126.
Yaqoob, H., Teoh, Y. H., Din, Z. U., Sabah, N. U., Jamil, M. A., Mujtaba, M. A., & Abid, A. (2021). The potential of sustainable biogas production from biomass waste for power generation in Pakistan. Journal of cleaner production, 307, 127250.
Yukalang, N., Clarke, B., & Ross, K. (2018). Solid waste management solutions for a rapidly urbanizing area in Thailand: Recommendations based on stakeholder input. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), 1302.
Yusuf, A. A., Ampah, J. D., Soudagar, M. E. M., Veza, I., Kingsley, U., Afrane, S., ... & Buyondo, K. A. (2022). Effects of hybrid nanoparticle additives in n-butanol/waste plastic oil/diesel blends on combustion, particulate and gaseous emissions from diesel engine evaluated with entropy-weighted PROMETHEE II and TOPSIS: Environmental and health risks of plastic waste. Energy Conversion and Management, 264, 115758.
Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y., Luo, D., Chong, Z., Li, E., & Kong, X. (2021). A review of municipal solid waste in China: characteristics, compositions, influential factors and treatment technologies. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 6603-6622.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Recycling Economy & Sustainability Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
