Doğal Kaynaklar Tayland'ın Milli Gelirini Artırıyor mu?
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Milli Gelir, Kentsel Nufüs Artışı, Tasarruf, Doğal Kaynaklar, Cinsiyet Kapsayacılığı, Thailand, Eşzamanlı Denklemler ModeliÖzet
Bu çalışma, 1972–2020 döneminde kentleşme, tasarruflar, doğal kaynak kullanımı ve kadın girişimciliğinin Tayland’ın milli gelirini eşanlı olarak nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Eşanlı denklem modeli ve iki aşamalı en küçük kareler (2SLS) yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analiz, değişkenler arasındaki önemli ilişkileri ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, kadın girişimciliğinin milli gelir üzerinde anlamlı ve olumlu bir etki yarattığını, dolayısıyla toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin ekonomik büyümedeki kritik rolünü göstermektedir. Kentleşme ise karmaşık bir etkiye sahiptir: Basit modellerde hızlı kentleşme milli geliri düşürürken, içsel bir değişken olarak ele alındığında milli gelire olumlu katkı sunmaktadır. Tasarrufların milli gelir üzerinde hafif negatif etkisi, tasarrufların verimli yatırıma dönüştürülmesindeki aksaklıklara işaret etmektedir. Doğal kaynaklar milli geliri doğrudan artırmamakla birlikte kentleşmeyi teşvik etmektedir; ancak bu kanal 2SLS sonuçlarında anlamlı bir etki yaratmamaktadır. Genel olarak çalışma, uzun vadeli ekonomik büyüme için toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini güçlendiren, sürdürülebilir kentleşmeyi destekleyen, tasarruf kullanımını iyileştiren ve doğal kaynakların sorumlu yönetimini önceleyen politikaların gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.
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