Hazır Kahve İçin Esnek Plastik Ambalajın Sürdürülebilirliği: Çevresel Etkilerin ve Geri Dönüştürülebilirliğin Değerlendirilmesi
Özet Görüntüleme: 533
/ 
PDF İndirme: 197
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Hazır kahve, Geri dönüşüm, Yaşam Döngüsü Düşüncesi, Sürdürülebilir ambalaj, Çok katmanlı ambalajÖzet
Brezilya'da hazır kahveler yaygın olarak PET(polietilen tereftalat)/Al(alüminyum)folyo/LDPE(düşük yoğunluklu polietilen) bazlı dik poşetlerde pazarlanmaktadır. Alüminyum folyo etkili bir nem bariyeri tabakasıdır. Ancak tüketici sonrası esnek ambalajlar genellikle malzeme ayırma zorluğu ve geri dönüşüm hatlarındaki uyumsuzluk nedeniyle çevre sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hazır kahve paketlemeye yönelik alternatif malzemelerin bariyer özelliklerini, su buharı ve oksijen iletim hızını (WVTR/OTR) ve geri dönüştürülebilirlik potansiyelini değerlendirmektir: (1) LDPE/HDPE(yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen)/LDPE, (2) BOPP(iki yönlü polipropilen)/BOPPmet(metalize)/PP, (3) PET/PETmet/LDPE ve (4) PET/BOPPmet/LDPE. Malzemelerin WVTR'si 0,37 g su m-2 gün-1'e (25°C/%75RH) kadardır ve OTR'si 3,95 mL (NTP) m-2 gün-1'e kadardır; bu durum pazar cirosu yüksek olan ürünün raf ömrünü garanti edebileceklerini göstermektedir. Geri dönüşüm testleri yalnızca (1)'in PE geri dönüşüm hatlarıyla uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. (3) ve (4)'teki geri dönüştürülmüş filmler bazı önemli mekanik özelliklerde artış gösterdi. (1) ve (4) değerlendirilen çevre boyutlarındaki en yüksek azalmayı gösterdi.
Referanslar
ABIPLAST. (2023) Perfil 2022 – Indústrias brasileiras de transformação e reciclagem de material plástico. Available at: https://www.abiplast.org.br/publicacoes/preview-2022/ Retrieved on May 19, 2023.
ABNT 14937 (2023). Plastic bags, type shirt - Requirements and test methods (In Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Brazilian Association of Technical Standards.
Alves, R. M. V., Bordin, M. R. (1998). Estimation of the shelf life of soluble coffee by mathematical model (In Portuguese). Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 18, 1, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20611998000100006
Andregheti, A. M. S. (2015). Packaging for highly hygroscopic product: instant coffee (In Portuguese). University Center of the Mauá Institute of Technology [Specialization in Packaging Engineering]. Brazil.
ANVISA (Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency) (2005). RDC 277/2005 - Technical regulations for coffee, barley, tea, yerba mate and soluble products (In Portuguese). https://www.saude.rj.gov.br/comum/code/MostrarArquivo.php?C=MjIwMg%2C%2C (accessed 30 July 2021).
ASTM D792 (2020). Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0792-20
ASTM D882 (2018). Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0882-18
ASTM D1003 (2021). Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1003-21
ASTM D1238 (2023). Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1238-23
ASTM D1709 (2022). Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1709-22
ASTM D1922-15 (2020). Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1922-15R20
ASTM D3418 (2021). Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D3418-21
ASTM E96/E96-M-22ae1 (2022). Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0096_E0096M-22AE01
ASTM F1249 (2020). Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F1249-20
ASTM F1307 (2020). Standard Test Method for Oxygen Transmission Rate Through Dry Packages Using a Coulometric Sensor. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F1307-02R07
Barlow, C.Y., Morgan, D.C. (2013). Polymer film packaging for food: An environmental assessment. Resour. Conserv. Recycl.78, 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.07.003
Briassoulis, D., Aristopoulou, A., Bonora, M., Verlodt, I. (2004). Degradation characterization of agricultural low-density polyethylene films. Biosystems Engineering. 88 (2), 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.02.010
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2021). Universal circular economy policy goals: enabling the transition to scale. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/universal-circular-economy-policy-goals-enabling-the-transition-to-scale (accessed 23 July 2021).
Eriksen, M.K., Christiansen, J.D., Daugaard, A.E., Astrup, T.F. (2019). Closing the loop for PET, PE and PP waste from households: influence of material properties and product design for plastic recycling. Waste Management, 96, 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.005
Food Packaging Forum (2019). News. https://www.foodpackagingforum.org/news (accessed 30 July 2021).
Horodytska, O., Valdés, F. J., Fullana, A. (2018). Plastic flexible films waste management – A state of art review. Waste Management. 77, 413-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.023
ISO 14040 (2006). Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework. International Organization for Standardization, Genève. 28p.
ISO 14044 (2006). Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines. International Organization for Standardization, Genève. 54p.
ISO 4593-93 (2020). Plastics - Film and Sheeting - Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning. Switzerland, International Standard Organization.
Kaiser, K., Schmid, M., Schlummer, M. (2018). Recycling of polymer-based multilayer packaging: A review. Recycling. 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010001
Klaiman, K., Ortega, D. L., Garnache, C. (2016). Consumer preferences and demand for packaging material and recyclability. Resour. Conserv. and Recycl. 115, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.08.021
PE: GaBi software system and databases for life cycle engineering. Copyright, TM. Sttutgart, Echterdingen, 1992-2015.
Picuno, P., Sica, C., Laviano, R., Dimitrijevic, A., Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., 2012. Experimental tests and technical characteristics of regeberated films from agricultural plastics. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 97, 1654-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.024
Recyclass, 2021a. Recyclability evaluation protocol for PE films, Standard laboratory practice, version 2.0. https://recyclass.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/RecyClass-Recyclability-Evaluation-Protocol-for-PE-Films-v.2.0_NEW-DESIGN.pdf (accessed 2 August 2021).
Recyclass, 2021b. Recyclability evaluation protocol for PP films, Standard laboratory practice, version 1.0. https://recyclass.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/RecyClass-Recyclability-Evaluation-Protocol-for-PP-films_NEW-DESIGN.pdf (accessed 2 August 2021).
Robertson, G. L., 2013. Food packaging and shelf life: a practical guide, first ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton. ISBN: 978-1420078442.
Rokka, J., Uusitalo, L., 2008. Preference for green packaging in consumer product choices - do consumers care? International Journal of Consumer Studies. 32 (5), 516–525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2008.00710.x
Tartakowski, Z., 2010. Recycling of packaging multilayer films: New materials for technical products. Resour. Conserv. and Recycl. 55, 167-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.09.004
The Association of Plastic Recuclers, 2020. FPE-CG-01: Critical guidance protocol for PE film and flexible packaging. https://plasticsrecycling.org/images/Design-Guidance-Tests/APR-PE-film-critical-guidance-FPE-CG-01.pdf (acessed 27 July 2021).
Teixeira, M. M., 2013. Recycling of stand-up pouch packaging: technical feasibility and industrial testing (In Portuguese). University of São Paulo [Graduation in Chemical Engineering], Brazil.
Shen, L., Worrell. E., 2014. Plastic Recycling, in: Worrell, E., Reuter A. M. (Eds). Handbook of Recycling. Elsevier Inc., Utrecht, 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396459-5.00013-1
Souza, R. M. Embalagens plásticas flexíveis com menor impacto ambiental para café solúvel. 2022. 80f. Dissertação de mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos - Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas/SP.
Wang, Q., Zhang, W., Tseng, M-L., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., 2021. Intention in use recyclable express packaging in consumers’ behavior: na empirical study. Resour. Conserv. Recycl.164. https://doi.org/105115. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105115
Wyser, Y., Leterrier, Y., Mânson, J.-A. E., 2000. Effect of inclusions and blending on the mechanical performance of recycled multilayer PP/PET/SiOx films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 78, 910-918. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20001024)78:4%3C910::AID-APP260%3E3.0.CO;2-O
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Journal of Recycling Economy & Sustainability Policy
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
